最近读书，看到一本介绍工程师通识概念的小册子。101 Things I Learned in Engineering School 这本小书，有点像口袋书。罗列了101条简短语句，描述核心的工程学概念。看过之后，挺有启发。借助GPT做了中英文对照版。详细的内容还是看书吧。 这里只把条目列出来。

1 | Civil engineering is the grandparent of all engineering.

2 | Engineering succeeds and fails because of the black box.

3 | The heart of engineering isn’t calculation; it’s problem solving.

4 | You are a vector.

5 | Every problem is built on familiar principles.

6 | Every problem is unique.

7 | “Inside every large problem is a small problem struggling to get out.”

8 | An object receives a force, experiences stress, and exhibits strain.

9 | When a force acts on an object, three things can happen.

10 | As a force acting on a fixed object increases, three things happen.

11 | Four material characteristics 12 | Materials compete.

13 | A battery works because of corrosion.

14 | Harder materials don’t ensure longevity.

15 | Soldiers shouldn’t march across a bridge.

16 | Why Galloping Gertie collapsed 17 | Softer materials aren’t always more protective.

18 | Buildings want to float.

1 | 土木工程是所有工程的祖先。

2 | 工程的成败由黑盒子决定。

3 | 工程的核心不是计算，而是问题解决。

4 | 你是一个向量。

5 | 每个问题都建立在熟悉的原理上。

6 | 每个问题都是独特的。

7 | “每个大问题内部都藏着一个渴望解决的小问题。”

8 | 物体受到力的作用，会经历应力和变形。

9 | 当力作用于物体时，会发生三件事。

10 | 当力作用于一个固定物体时，会发生三件事。

11 | 四种材料特性

12 | 材料之间存在竞争。

13 | 电池的工作是因为腐蚀作用。

14 | 更硬的材料并不能保证寿命更长。

15 | 士兵不应当步行过桥。

16 | 原因是“Galloping Gertie” 震桥事件。

17 | 柔软材料并不总是更具保护性。

18 | 建筑物想要漂浮。

19 | Automobiles want to fly.

20 | The ground effect

21 | A roundabout is the safest, most efficient intersection.

22 | Friction is the enemy of a rolling object, but it is what allows it to roll.

23 | Accuracy and precision are different things.

24 | There’s always a trade-off.

25 | Quantification is approximation.

26 | Random hypothesis #1

27 | Engineers wear a belt and suspenders.

28 | A triangle is inherently stable.

29 | The complexity of a truss is a product of simplicity.

30 | Structures are built from the bottom up, but designed from the top down.

31 | The contents of a building might weigh more than the building.

32 | A skyscraper is a vertically cantilevered beam.

33 | Earthquake design: let it move a lot or not at all.

34 | Make sure it doesn’t work the wrong way.

35 | Kansas City Hyatt walkway collapse 36 | The best beam shape is an I—or better yet, an I.

37 | Get even more out of a beam.

38 | “Inventing is the mixing of brains and materials. The more brains you use, the less materials you need.

19 | 汽车想要飞行。

20 | 地面效应

21 | 环状交叉口是最安全、最高效的交叉口。

22 | 摩擦是滚动物体的敌人，但它也是使其滚动的原因。

23 | 准确性和精确性是不同的概念。

24 | 总有一个权衡。

25 | 量化是近似的方法。

26 | 随机假设 #1

27 | 工程师总是戴上腰带和吊带。

28 | 三角形本身就是稳定的。

29 | 桁架的复杂性来源于简单设计的产物。

30 | 建筑结构是自下而上建造的，但却是自上而下设计的。

31 | 建筑物的内部可能比建筑物本身更重。

32 | 摩天大楼是一根纵向悬臂梁。

33 | 地震设计：让它可以大幅度移动或者完全不移动。

34 | 确保它不会逆向工作。

35 | 堪萨斯城凯悦酒店走廊坍塌

36 | 最好的梁形是一个I形，或者更好地是一个I形。

37 | 让梁起到更多的作用。

38 | 发明是智慧和材料的混合。使用的智慧越多，所需的材料就越少。

39 | A masonry arch gets stronger as it does more work.

40 | The four eras of the wall 41 | The first building code

42 | Drawings explain only some things.

43 | Concrete doesn’t dry; it cures.

44 | Concrete and cement are different things.

45 | Concrete and steel are ancient, not modern, materials.

46 | 3 stages of manufacturing

47 | More inspections and fewer inspections both produce more errors.

48 | Early decisions have the greatest impact.

49 | Working faster doesn’t save money.

50 | Perfect reliability isn’t always desirable.

51 | Human time to failure is 1,000 years.

52 | Few customers will pay for a perfectly engineered product.

53 | The Ford Pinto wasn’t unsafe.

54 | Be careful when asking a part to do more than one thing.

55 | Design a part to fail.

56 | Keep one hand in your pocket.

57 | Keep one leg still.

58 | How to read a topographic plan 59 | Balance cut and fill.

60 | Work with the natural order.

61 | Air is a fluid.

62 | Heat cannot be destroyed, and cold cannot be created.

39 | 一座砖石拱门在承担更多工作时会变得更坚固。

40 | 城墙的四个时代。

41 | 第一份建筑规范。

42 | 图纸只能解释一部分事情。

43 | 混凝土不会干燥，而是会固化。

44 | 混凝土和水泥是不同的东西。

45 | 混凝土和钢材是古老而非现代的材料。

46 | 制造的三个阶段。

47 | 进行更多和更少的检查都会导致更多错误。

48 | 早期的决策会产生最大的影响。

49 | 更快地工作并不能节省金钱。

50 | 完美的可靠性并不总是可取的。

51 | 人类的失效时间为1000年。

52 | 很少有客户愿意为完美设计的产品支付费用。

53 | 福特Pinto并不是不安全的。

54 | 当要求一个零件承担多个功能时要小心。

55 | 设计一个零件来失效。

56 | 保持一只手在口袋里。

57 | 保持一条腿静止不动。

58 | 如何阅读地形图。

59 | 平衡挖土和填土。

60 | 与自然秩序合作。

61 | 空气是一种流体。

62 | 热量不可毁灭，冷不能被创造出来。

63 | A radiator doesn’t just radiate.

64 | The most reliable source of heating and cooling is the earth.

65 | Available solar energy is 50,000 times our energy need.

66 | The environmental engineering paradigm shift

67 | Ten Commandments for Environmental Engineers

68 | Water is constant.

69 | Water recycling

70 | Wastewater treatment imitates nature.

71 | Don’t presume the solution.

72 | Think systematically.

73 | “We looked at the program and divided it into the essential elements, which turned out to be thirty-odd."

74 | Think systemically.

75 | A successful system won’t necessarily work at a different scale.

76 | The behavior of simple systems and complex systems can be predicted. In-between systems: not so much.

77 | Stop a crack by rounding it off.

78 | Seek negative feedback.

79 | Enlarge the problem space.

80 | The Tunkhannock Viaduct

81 | Almost everything is a chemical, and almost every chemical is dangerous.

82 | A chemical equation isn’t exactly an equation.

63 | 一个散热器不仅仅只是散热。

64 | 最可靠的供暖和制冷来源是地球。

65 | 可利用的太阳能是我们能源需求的50000倍。

66 | 环境工程的范式转变。

67 | 环境工程师的十诫。

68 | 水是恒定的。

69 | 水的再循环。

70 | 污水处理模仿自然。

71 | 不要假设解决方案。

72 | 要进行系统性思考。

73 | 我们审视了该计划并将其分解为关键要素，结果大约有三十个。

74 | 进行系统性思考。

75 | 一个成功的系统不一定在不同的规模下适用。

76 | 简单系统和复杂系统的行为可以预测，而中间系统则不太行。

77 | 通过圆化裂纹来防止蔓延。

78 | 寻求负反馈。

79 | 扩大问题空间。

80 | 通汉诺克高架桥

81 | 几乎所有物质都是化学物质，而几乎每种化学物质都是危险的。

82 | 化学方程式并不完全是一个等式。

83 | Equilibrium is a dynamic, not static, state.

84 | An electric current works only if it can return to its source.

85 | A seesaw works by balancing moments.

86 | Center of gravity 87 | It’s a column, not a support column.

88 | Articulate the why, not just the what.

89 | All engineers calculate. Good engineers communicate.

90 | How to read, but not necessarily name, a cantilever bridge

91 | Random hypothesis #2

92 | Now you’re the chord.Next you’ll be the joint.

93 | The engineering of satisfaction 94 | Engineering events are human events.

95 | There’s design besides the design.

96 | Identify a benchmark against which outcomes will be measured.

97 | The most important thing is to keep the most important thing the most important thing.

98 | While getting the one thing right, do more than one thing.

99 | The fix for an apparent engineering problem might not be an engineering fix.

100 | Engineering usually isn’t inventing the wheel; it’s improving the wheel.

83 | 平衡是一个动态的状态，而不是静态的状态。

84 | 只有当电流能够返回源头时，它才能工作。

85 | 跷跷板通过平衡力矩来工作。

86 | 重心 87 | 它是一根柱子，而不是支撑柱子。

88 | 把为什么说出来，而不仅仅是说什么。

89 | 所有工程师都会计算。 优秀的工程师善于沟通。

90 | 如何阅读，但不一定要命名悬臂桥。

91 | 随机假设#2 92 | 现在你是弦线，下一步你将成为连接点。

93 | 满足感的工程设计。

94 | 工程事件是人类事件。

95 | 设计之外还有设计。

96 | 确定一个用来衡量结果的基准。

97 | 最重要的是保持最重要的事情是最重要的。

98 | 在把一件事做对的同时，做更多的事情。

99 | 解决明显的工程问题可能不是一个工程解决方案。

100 | 工程通常不是发明轮子，而是改进轮子。